The paradigm change (*)

The proposed Unified Field Theory (UFT) provides an all-encompassing theory, where physical models of different physical areas are no longer decoupled and differently scaled according to their different levels of granularity. It is governed by two types of energy, the today’s mechanical energy (i.e., kinetic and potential energy) and a newly proposed dynamic energy, which is in line with Planck's dynamic type of physical law, (PlM).   

The core mathematical concept of the proposed UFT is a Krein space intrinsic self-adjoint "potential" operator accompanied by a correspondingly defined "dynamic energy" inner product enabling the definition of different quantum particles (quanta). The crucial differentiator between Krein and Hilbert spaces is an indefinite metric, (i.e. the difference of norms). An indefinite metric in a Hilbert space  is one of the unconventional features of Heisenberg's "Introduction to the Unified Field Theory of Elementary Particles", (HeW). The conceptual design of the proposed quanta scheme is the "principle of Nature" that any "action" always requires a potential difference or a "pressure", i.e., there is no physical action, just because there is energy or a potential. Technically speaking, all Krein space based particle types are elements of the same underlying baseline Hilbert space; however, they are accompanied by different (energetical) indefinite inner products and norms (functionals), as applied by Dirac and Pauli, (BoJ).

The Krein space based mathematical a priori 2-component dynamic „ground state energy“ baseline system enables the definition of a 2-component dynamic „perfect plasma“ (Einstein-Lorentz luminiferous ether, (EiA5)) quanta system and a related 2-component mechanical „electromagnetic“ quanta (Maxwell-Mie type) system (avoiding the concept of a „displacement current“). Both systems are governed by the complex Lorentz group associated with SU(2) x SU(2), the hidden symmetry of the Coulomb problem. The math. proof of the CPT invariance phenomenon, the only fundamental law of nature requiring a „time arrow“, is enabled by the complex Lorentz transform (StR). In other words, as long as there are no decay processes of atomic nuclei in scope the laws of Nature allow a "reverse of time". The proposed Maxwell-Mie type systems accompanied by the complex Lorentz group are supposed to replace the Yang-Mills (gauge) theories (a generalization of the Maxwell equations phrased in the language of a U(1) gauge theory), which solves the related "Yang-Mills mass gap problem".

"Plasma „matter“ is basically characterized by the following two requirements:
-   there is an interaction between two oppositely charged particle types 
-   the numbers of those two particle types may be arbitrarily small or large, but they need to be almost the same", (CaF) p. 1.

„The Landau damping phenomenon is a characteristic of collisionless plasmas, but it may also have applications in other fields. For instance, in the kinetic treatment of galaxy formation, stars can be considered as atoms of a plasma interacting via gravitational rather than electromagnetic forces. Instabilities of the gas of stars can cause spiral arms to form, but this process is limited by Landau damping“, (ChF) p. 245.

"Dark energy" corresponds to the energy of about seven protons per cubic meter, (GaR).

The famous constant in Einstein's field equations in an empty Einstein manifold framework (to achieve a static universe) describes the "pressure of the empty space". It was shown that the Einstein constant is inappropriate for that purpose, as static solutions of those field equations are not stable to disturbances in that sense that they generate again expanding universes.

The dynamic 2-component "perfect plasma" system provides an appropriate model of an "empty space potential/pressure" and an appropriate explanation of the Landau damping phenomenon. 

The mechanical 2-component „electromagnetic“ system and the non-mechanical 2-component "perfect plasma" system enable consistent explanations of the Landau damping phenomenon and the related CMBR, (LaM), and Ehrenhaft's photophoresis phenomena, (EhF). It may also enable a missing theory of light anticipating „Einstein’s lost key“, (UnA1), Dirac's large number hypothesis, (UnA1) p. 150, (UnA2) p. 85, and Dicke’s related "theory of a variable speed of light", (UnA1) p. 129, accompanied by a mechanical global nonlinear stability of the Minkowski space, (ChD).

The transitions from the 2-component quanta systems to the 1-component Dirac 2.0 quanta systems avoid Dirac's spin hypothesis. The three Dirac 2.0 systems are accompanied by a „symmetry break down“ from SU(2) x SU(2) to SU(2), the symmetry group of the Klein-Gordon equations. The combination with the non-mechanical 2-component "perfect plasma" system and the mechanical 2-component „electromagnetic“ system supports Robitaille's "Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Model of the Sun and the Solar Atmoshere", (RoP), (UnA4).

The transition from the 1-component Krein space based Dirac 2.0 energy systems to the 1-component H(1/2) Hilbert space (energy) system is accompanied by a change from an implicate self-adjoint dynamic potential operator & indefinite norms to an explicate self-adjoint mechanical (Laplace) potential operator with domain H(1) & definite norm (accompanied by the thermo-statistical Hilbert space H(0)=L(2)). This H(1/2) system enables an alternative Schrödinger momentum operator (enabled by the Riesz operator) and the concept of a dynamic fluid element (accompanied by a well-defined Prandtl operator and the concept of wavelets) solving the "3D-NSE well-posedness" problem.
  
The proposed deductive structured quanta energy field systems imply a revisit of current „Nature constants“. In the new structure they need to describe the „borderlines“ between the non-mechanical and the mechanical theoretical systems in connection with the considered phenomena. In case of the „perfect plasma“ Maxwell-Mie (Einstein-Lorentz ether) model and the related mechanical "electromagnetic" Maxwell-Mie model this concerns the „plasma“ Landau damping phenomenon, the CMBR phenomenon of the „Lorentz ether“, and Ehrenhaft‘s photophoresis phenomenon interpreted by himself as interacting electric and magnetic ions. Regarding the borderlines between the „perfect plasma“ Maxwell-Mie (Einstein-Lorentz ether) model and the three 1-component Dirac 2.0 quanta systems they may be evaluated in connection with Robitaille’s „blackbody radiation and the loss of universality: implications for Planck’s formulation and Boltzman’s constant“, (RoP3).

(*) the term "paradigm change" refers to (KuT).

Braun K., The deductive structure of the UFT, creative vacuum and perfect plasma, and related opportunities.pdf

                                                  April 2025

Braun, K., An unified field theory enabling a deductive structure of physics.pdf

 

                                             December 2022

                                              Supporting data

Braun, K., A Krein space based quanta energy field model, supporting mathematics

Braun, K., Current physical and mathematical realities regarding an unified field theory

                                              

                               

Braun K., UFT related list of papers