Out of scope of the proposed UFT are consistently defined biochemical dynamic systems for organic chemical and biochemical metabolic processes, which are in sync with the dynamic quanta scheme of the UFT. In order to define such biochemical actual entities it needs properly defined modelling requirements from the affected areas.

The term actual entity has been borrowed from Whitehead's philosophy of process and reality, (PfM) S. 82, (WhA1).


Three cornerstones

The three cornerstones for a conceptual design of appropriate biochemical energy systems are

(1) ... in a "living organism" there is a permanent source of required energy driving a metabolic cycle, while releasing a lower level of energy. This is about an energetical self-producing, self-organizing, dissipative non-equilibrium system. A dissipative non-equilibrium system means that there is an energetical system with a permanent potential difference, which never (until the "death" of the "living organism") gets to the energetical ground state of the affected atoms; 

(2) ... the Krein space based modelling framework of the proposed UFT provides the concept of an "implicate" potential energy operator enabling the definition of a "dynamic energy" quanta scheme. We note that such a framework also provides the concepts of angular and dissipative (maximal pair) operators accompanied by appropriate sub-spaces of the considered Hilbert space, (AzT), (BoJ).

(3) ... in order to link appropriately defined organic chemical and bio-chemical actual entities to the proposed physical atomic nuclei structure one may look first on the concept of a "virus" as a virus is neither dead matter nor a living matter (as there is no metabolism possible in a virus). However, in (TeS) the hypothesis is supported that virusses earliest progenitors recruited host proteins for virion formation. Therefore, and while anaerobic procaryotes exist under extreme conditions (hot springs, deep-sea, atmoshere, …) they became the primary candidate for the first type of a dissipative non-equilibrium organic system.


Some guidelines to define extended UFT modelling requirements

Some guidelines defining appropriate modelling requirements are

(1) explain why and how water, its component, and its intrinsic dynamics could have been formed specifically on Earth

(2) explain how procaryotes have formed on Earth from appropriately defined dynamic actual entities in line with the quanta scheme of the UFT

(3) explain where the energy is coming from driving the dissipative procaryote system and enabling the chemosynthesis process

(4) explain the concept of ionization in terms of explicate and implicate potentials of actual entity dynamics

(5) explain the outstanding property of carbon building complex biochemical molecule structures, which are also very difficult to break up completely

(6) explain Warburg's hypothesis that cancer is a metabolic disease and how the chemosynthesis based energy production of procaryotes are linked to the ATP (energy) production process of eucaryotes.


Remarks

ad (1): The two current theories, "water by asteroids from another solar system", (the carrier of the asteroid would need very specific transport conditions during a very long time journey and the creation process of that water on the supplying planet still remains a mystery) or "water built by atoms from Earth's interior" (w/o having a theory how this happended just on Earth in our solar system after millions of years after the Big Bang), do not sound very satisfactory. An understandable theory in line with the three atomic nucleus types for anorganic chemistry may be motivated and even supported by Robitaille's observation, that there are two separate mechanical energy systems within destilled water: hydroxyl (OH) and hydrogen (H), a related microwave background generated by a physical mechanism of the oceans, his investigation on blackbody radiation and the carbon particle, and his hypothesis of liquid metallic hydrogen as a solar building block, (RoP), (RoP1), (RoP2), (RoP3), (UnA4). The "hydrogen (H)" dynamic energy quanta system is in scope of the proposed dynamic quanta scheme.

Robitaille observed that "there are two separate mechanical energy systems within destilled water, the hydroxyl (OH) and the hydrogen (H)", i.e. hydroxyl may be a first candidate of abaseline organic quanta energy system.  Destilled water is a non-conductor. This property may be the adequate modelling requirement to define the appropriate quantum numbers of a dynamic hydroxyl (OH) energy quanta system accompanied by appropriately defined implicate potential differences.

ad (6): (RoJ) p. 54: "Essentially the Warburg Effect in one sentence is damaged mitochondrial respiration and there's compensatory fermentation. So the basic energy processes that allow a cell to maintain its bioenergetic potential would be oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondria is making about 88 to 90% of the ATP, the energy currency in the cell. In neurons and heart and skeletal muscle, too. ... The nucleus has very robust DNA repair mechanism. The mitochondria does not have as robust DNA repair mechanisms. So if a cell is bombarded with things like radiation or carcinogenic agents, the capacity for the mitochondria to repair itself is not as high, is not as robust as the nucleus's ability to repair DNA."

(RoJ) p. 14:

1. Cancer arises from damage to cellular respiration

2. Energy through fermentation gradually compensates for insufficient respiration

3. Cancer cells continue to ferment lactate in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect)

4. Enhanced fermentation is the signature metabolic malady of all cancer cells (as the cells are fermenting not only lactic acid, but also amino acids and particularly glutamine).


(RoJ) p. 19: "What's happening with cancer cells is: they are shifting their energy away from respiration to a fermentation metabolism, using available fermentable fuel."

(SeT) p. 15: "Much of the confusion surrounding the origin of cancer arises from the absence of an unifying theory that can integrate the diverse observations on the nature of the disease." 

(SeT) p. 47/48/49: "Homeostasis is the tendency of biological systems to maintain relatively stable conditions in their internal environments. Each cell and each organ contributes to the overall homeostasis of the organism. ... Metabolic homeostasis within cells is dependent to a large extent on the energy supply to the membrane pumps. ...Most cell functions are linked either directly or indirectly to the plasma membrane potential and to the Na(+)/K(+)/Ca(2+) gradients. Ready availability of ATP to the pumps maintains these ionic gradients. Global cellular dysfunction and ultimately organ and systems failure will arise if energy flow to the pumps is distrupted.    There are several sources of ATP synthesis that can be used to maintain membrane potentials. The mitochondria produce most of the energy in the normal mammalian cells. The general structure of a mitochontrion with associated functions is shown in Figure 4.2. Other images of mitochondrial are presented in Chapter 7. In cells with functional mitochontria, ATP is derived mostly from oxidative phosporylation (OxPhos) where approximately 89% of the cellular energy is produced (about 32/36 total ATP molecules during the complete oxidation of glucose) (Fig. 4.3). This value can differ among different cells depending on which shuttle systems are used in the transport of cytoplasmic reducing equivalents (NADH (reduced form)) from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. These shuttles include the malate-aspertate shuttle, the glycerol-phosphate shuttle, and the malate-cirtrate shuttle. These shuttles are operational in tumor cells, but their activity can differ among the different types of tumor cells (12-19). Under OsPhos, ATP synthesis in normal cells is coupled to electron flow across the inner mitochondial membrane through a chemiosmotic molecular mechanism (Fig. 4.4) (29)."

(SeT) p. 51/52: "Besides OxPhos (oxidative phosphorylation), approximately 11% (4/36 total ATP molecules) of the total cellular energy is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a free phosphate to ATP from a metabolic substrate to form ATP. Two major metabolic pathways can produce ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation in mammalian cells and tissues. The first involves the "pay off" part of the Embden-Myerhoff glycolytic pathway in the cytosol where phophate groups are transferred from organic molecules, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), to ADP with formation of ATP. The second pathway involes the succinyl-synthetase reaction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) (Fig. 4.6)."

(SeT) p. 73: "Warburg considered oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) injury or insufficiency to be the origin of cancer. OxPhos is the final stage of cellular respiration involving multiple coupled redox reactions where the energy contained in carbon-hydrogen bonds of food molecules is captured and conserved in the terminal phosphoanhydride bond of ATP. The process specifically involves the following: (i) the flow of electrons through a chain of membrane-bound carriers, (ii) the coupling of the downhill electron flow to an uphill transport of protons across a proton-impermeable membrane, thus conserving the free energy of fuel of oxidation as a transmembrane electrochemical potential, and (iii) the synthesis of ATP from ADP+Pi throught a membrane-bound enzymatic complex linked to the transmembrane flow of the protons down their concentration gradient."

(NiM): "A number of cytosolic electrons just take the “emergency exit” from the cell by lactate secretion to maintain the cytosolic redox balance."


Further notes

Note: The membrane functionality of a cell provides an explicate (i.e. mechanical energy based) potential difference.

Note: The small number of chemical elements in a human body are C, N, O, H, Ca, P, K, S, Cl, Na, Mg. About 98% of the dry matter of living beings consist of C, N, O, H, Ca, P, K, and S, and most of the organisms consist of about 70% of water, (VoD) p. 4.

Note: The carbon has an outstanding property: it is a four-valent atom allowing double bonds, i.e., it is the most appreciated chemical element by nature to build complex chain formations, while at the same time avoiding a complete break down of such chains in case of their destruction.

Note: (BaA) p. 51: "V. Schauerber used the term "carbone" of the carbone-hydrogen (CH) bonds, which means more than just "carbon"; it is to be understood in the sense of Schauberger, where the hydrogen is understood as the "carrier" of both carbone and oxygen from the sun to Earth."

Note: The first type of organisms on Earth were the prokaryotes; they reproduce without loss (i.e. they are immortal) and they release free oxygen (which was not existing on Earth before). Their successors, the eukaryotes reproduce with loss by the (copy/paste) concept of DNA (i.e. they are mortal). 

Note: The characteristics of all living organisms on Earth are underlying chain formations of only left-handed amino acids. The building of those chain formations is enabled by the concept of a "membrane". It is a tool to achieve a concentration change of amino acid chain formations from one side of the membrane to the other side enabled by a "potential difference". This tool is understood as the basic concept of a metabolic cycle.

Note: While the prokaryotes generated the first free oxygen (by oxygenic photosynthesis) the volcanoes brought carbon dioxide in the environment resulting into a viable temperature environment on Earth.

Note: Prokaryotes drive the sulfur cycle; Eukaryotes drive also the oxygen cycle; some bacteria can transform hydrogen sulfur and carbon dioxid into sulfur and water. 

Note: The left-handed amino acids are a specific characteristic of the Earth; this "left-handed" property is common with the neutrino spin. The key differentiator between Earth and the other planets in our solar system is its natural magnetic energy field, which is caused (like to vulcano phenomenon) by Earth's hot core.

Note: The characteristic property of the benzene ring (mesomeric stabilization) may be the adequate modelling requirement to define the appropriate quantum numbers of a dynamic carbon-hydrogen (CH) energy quanta system accompanied by appropriately defined implicate potential differences. We also note that ribose may be interpreted as the bonds of five carbon-hydrogen (CH) and five hydroxyl (OH) energy systems.